Collator
class performs locale-sensitive
String
comparison. You use this class to build
searching and sorting routines for natural language text.
Collator
is an abstract base class. Subclasses
implement specific collation strategies. One subclass,
RuleBasedCollator
, is currently provided with
the Java Platform and is applicable to a wide set of languages. Other
subclasses may be created to handle more specialized needs.
Like other locale-sensitive classes, you can use the static
factory method, getInstance
, to obtain the appropriate
Collator
object for a given locale. You will only need
to look at the subclasses of Collator
if you need
to understand the details of a particular collation strategy or
if you need to modify that strategy.
The following example shows how to compare two strings using
the Collator
for the default locale.
// Compare two strings in the default locale Collator myCollator = Collator.getInstance(); if (myCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") < 0) { System.out.println("abc is less than ABC"); } else { System.out.println("abc is greater than or equal to ABC"); }
You can set a Collator
's strength property
to determine the level of difference considered significant in
comparisons. Four strengths are provided: PRIMARY
,
SECONDARY
, TERTIARY
, and IDENTICAL
.
The exact assignment of strengths to language features is
locale dependent. For example, in Czech, "e" and "f" are considered
primary differences, while "e" and "ě" are secondary differences,
"e" and "E" are tertiary differences and "e" and "e" are identical.
The following shows how both case and accents could be ignored for
US English.
// Get the Collator for US English and set its strength to PRIMARY Collator usCollator = Collator.getInstance(Locale.US); usCollator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY); if (usCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") == 0) { System.out.println("Strings are equivalent"); }
For comparing String
s exactly once, the compare
method provides the best performance. When sorting a list of
String
s however, it is generally necessary to compare each
String
multiple times. In this case, CollationKey
s
provide better performance. The CollationKey
class converts
a String
to a series of bits that can be compared bitwise
against other CollationKey
s. A CollationKey
is
created by a Collator
object for a given String
.
API Note
CollationKey
s from different
Collator
s can not be compared. See the class description
for CollationKey
for an example using CollationKey
s.
RuleBasedCollator
, CollationKey
, CollationElementIterator
, Locale
Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
---|---|
private static final ConcurrentMap | |
public static final int | CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION
Decomposition mode value. |
private int | |
pack-priv static final int | EQUAL
EQUAL is returned if source string is compared to be equal to target string in the compare() method. |
public static final int | FULL_DECOMPOSITION
Decomposition mode value. |
pack-priv static final int | GREATER
GREATER is returned if source string is compared to be greater than target string in the compare() method. |
public static final int | IDENTICAL
Collator strength value. |
pack-priv static final int | LESS
LESS is returned if source string is compared to be less than target string in the compare() method. |
public static final int | NO_DECOMPOSITION
Decomposition mode value. |
public static final int | PRIMARY
Collator strength value. |
public static final int | SECONDARY
Collator strength value. |
private int | |
public static final int | TERTIARY
Collator strength value. |
Access | Constructor and Description |
---|---|
protected |
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
public Object | |
public abstract int | Returns: Returns an integer value. Value is less than zero if source is less than target, value is zero if source and target are equal, value is greater than zero if source is greater than target.the source string. source, String the target string. target)Redeclares java. Compares the source string to the target string according to the collation rules for this Collator. |
public int | Returns: a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.the first object to be compared. o1, Object the second object to be compared. o2)Implements java. Compares its two arguments for order. |
public boolean | Returns: true if the strings are equal according to the collation rules. false, otherwise.the source string to be compared with. source, String the target string to be compared with. target)Convenience method for comparing the equality of two strings based on this Collator's collation rules. |
public boolean | Returns: true if this Collator is the same as that Collator; false otherwise.the Collator to be compared with this. that)Overrides java. Implements java. Compares the equality of two Collators. |
public static synchronized Locale[] | Returns: An array of locales for which localizedCollator instances are available.Returns an array of all locales for which the
|
public abstract CollationKey | Returns: the CollationKey for the given String based on this Collator's collation rules. If the source String is null, a null CollationKey is returned.the string to be transformed into a collation key. source)Transforms the String into a series of bits that can be compared bitwise to other CollationKeys. |
public synchronized int | |
public static synchronized Collator | Returns: the Collator for the default locale.(for example, en_US)Gets the Collator for the current default locale. |
public static Collator | Returns: the Collator for the desired locale.the desired locale. desiredLocale)Gets the Collator for the desired locale. |
public synchronized int | Returns: this Collator's current strength property.Returns this Collator's strength property. |
public abstract int | |
public synchronized void | setDecomposition(int
the new decomposition mode. decompositionMode)Set the decomposition mode of this Collator. |
public synchronized void |
cache | back to summary |
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private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, SoftReference<Collator>> cache |
CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION | back to summary |
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public static final int CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION Decomposition mode value. With CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION set, characters that are canonical variants according to Unicode standard will be decomposed for collation. This should be used to get correct collation of accented characters. CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION corresponds to Normalization Form D as described in Unicode Standard Annex #15: Unicode Normalization Forms.
|
decmp | back to summary |
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private int decmp |
EQUAL | back to summary |
---|---|
pack-priv static final int EQUAL EQUAL is returned if source string is compared to be equal to target string in the compare() method.
|
FULL_DECOMPOSITION | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int FULL_DECOMPOSITION Decomposition mode value. With FULL_DECOMPOSITION set, both Unicode canonical variants and Unicode compatibility variants will be decomposed for collation. This causes not only accented characters to be collated, but also characters that have special formats to be collated with their norminal form. For example, the half-width and full-width ASCII and Katakana characters are then collated together. FULL_DECOMPOSITION is the most complete and therefore the slowest decomposition mode. FULL_DECOMPOSITION corresponds to Normalization Form KD as described in Unicode Standard Annex #15: Unicode Normalization Forms.
|
GREATER | back to summary |
---|---|
pack-priv static final int GREATER GREATER is returned if source string is compared to be greater than target string in the compare() method.
|
IDENTICAL | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int IDENTICAL Collator strength value. When set, all differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for control characters ("\u0001" vs "\u0002") to be considered equal at the PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and TERTIARY levels but different at the IDENTICAL level. Additionally, differences between pre-composed accents such as "\u00C0" (A-grave) and combining accents such as "A\u0300" (A, combining-grave) will be considered significant at the IDENTICAL level if decomposition is set to NO_DECOMPOSITION. |
LESS | back to summary |
---|---|
pack-priv static final int LESS LESS is returned if source string is compared to be less than target string in the compare() method.
|
NO_DECOMPOSITION | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int NO_DECOMPOSITION Decomposition mode value. With NO_DECOMPOSITION set, accented characters will not be decomposed for collation. This setting provides the fastest collation but will only produce correct results for languages that do not use accents. |
PRIMARY | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int PRIMARY Collator strength value. When set, only PRIMARY differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for different base letters ("a" vs "b") to be considered a PRIMARY difference. |
SECONDARY | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int SECONDARY Collator strength value. When set, only SECONDARY and above differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for different accented forms of the same base letter ("a" vs "ä") to be considered a SECONDARY difference. |
strength | back to summary |
---|---|
private int strength |
TERTIARY | back to summary |
---|---|
public static final int TERTIARY Collator strength value. When set, only TERTIARY and above differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for case differences ("a" vs "A") to be considered a TERTIARY difference. |
Collator | back to summary |
---|---|
protected Collator() Default constructor. This constructor is protected so subclasses can get access to it. Users typically create a Collator sub-class by calling the factory method getInstance.
|
clone | back to summary |
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public Object clone() Overrides java. Overrides Cloneable
|
compare | back to summary |
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public abstract int compare(String source, String target) Redeclares java. Compares the source string to the target string according to the collation rules for this Collator. Returns an integer less than, equal to or greater than zero depending on whether the source String is less than, equal to or greater than the target string. See the Collator class description for an example of use. For a one time comparison, this method has the best performance. If a given String will be involved in multiple comparisons, CollationKey.compareTo has the best performance. See the Collator class description for an example using CollationKeys.
|
compare | back to summary |
---|---|
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) Implements java. Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
This implementation merely returns
|
equals | back to summary |
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public boolean equals(String source, String target) Convenience method for comparing the equality of two strings based on this Collator's collation rules.
|
equals | back to summary |
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public boolean equals(Object that) Overrides java. Implements java. Compares the equality of two Collators. |
getAvailableLocales | back to summary |
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public static synchronized Locale[] getAvailableLocales() Returns an array of all locales for which the
|
getCollationKey | back to summary |
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public abstract CollationKey getCollationKey(String source) Transforms the String into a series of bits that can be compared bitwise to other CollationKeys. CollationKeys provide better performance than Collator.compare when Strings are involved in multiple comparisons. See the Collator class description for an example using CollationKeys.
|
getDecomposition | back to summary |
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public synchronized int getDecomposition() Get the decomposition mode of this Collator. Decomposition mode determines how Unicode composed characters are handled. Adjusting decomposition mode allows the user to select between faster and more complete collation behavior. The three values for decomposition mode are:
|
getInstance | back to summary |
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public static synchronized Collator getInstance() Gets the Collator for the current default locale.
The default locale is determined by
|
getInstance | back to summary | ||||||||||||||||
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public static Collator getInstance(Locale desiredLocale) Gets the Collator for the desired locale. If the desired locale
has the "
API Note Implementations of Collator.getInstance(Locale.forLanguageTag("sv-u-co-trad")); Collator instance with the Swedish traditional sorting, which
gives 'v' and 'w' the same sorting order, while the Collator instance
for the Swedish locale without "co" identifier distinguishes 'v' and 'w'.
|
getStrength | back to summary |
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public synchronized int getStrength() Returns this Collator's strength property. The strength property determines the minimum level of difference considered significant during comparison. See the Collator class description for an example of use.
|
hashCode | back to summary |
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public abstract int hashCode() Overrides java. Generates the hash code for this Collator.
|
setDecomposition | back to summary |
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public synchronized void setDecomposition(int decompositionMode) Set the decomposition mode of this Collator. See getDecomposition for a description of decomposition mode.
|
setStrength | back to summary |
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public synchronized void setStrength(int newStrength) Sets this Collator's strength property. The strength property determines the minimum level of difference considered significant during comparison. See the Collator class description for an example of use.
|