Top Description Fields Constructors Methods
java.text

public abstract Class Collator

extends Object
implements Comparator<Object>, Cloneable
Class Inheritance
All Implemented Interfaces
java.lang.Cloneable, java.util.Comparator
Known Direct Subclasses
java.text.RuleBasedCollator
Imports
java.lang.ref.SoftReference, java.text.spi.CollatorProvider, java.util.Locale, java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap, .ConcurrentMap, sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter, .LocaleServiceProviderPool

The Collator class performs locale-sensitive String comparison. You use this class to build searching and sorting routines for natural language text.

Collator is an abstract base class. Subclasses implement specific collation strategies. One subclass, RuleBasedCollator, is currently provided with the Java Platform and is applicable to a wide set of languages. Other subclasses may be created to handle more specialized needs.

Like other locale-sensitive classes, you can use the static factory method, getInstance, to obtain the appropriate Collator object for a given locale. You will only need to look at the subclasses of Collator if you need to understand the details of a particular collation strategy or if you need to modify that strategy.

The following example shows how to compare two strings using the Collator for the default locale.

// Compare two strings in the default locale Collator myCollator = Collator.getInstance(); if (myCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") < 0) { System.out.println("abc is less than ABC"); } else { System.out.println("abc is greater than or equal to ABC"); }
// Compare two strings in the default locale
Collator myCollator = Collator.getInstance();
if (myCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") < 0) {
    System.out.println("abc is less than ABC");
} else {
    System.out.println("abc is greater than or equal to ABC");
}

You can set a Collator's strength property to determine the level of difference considered significant in comparisons. Four strengths are provided: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, and IDENTICAL. The exact assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. For example, in Czech, "e" and "f" are considered primary differences, while "e" and "ě" are secondary differences, "e" and "E" are tertiary differences and "e" and "e" are identical. The following shows how both case and accents could be ignored for US English.

// Get the Collator for US English and set its strength to PRIMARY Collator usCollator = Collator.getInstance(Locale.US); usCollator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY); if (usCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") == 0) { System.out.println("Strings are equivalent"); }
// Get the Collator for US English and set its strength to PRIMARY
Collator usCollator = Collator.getInstance(Locale.US);
usCollator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY);
if (usCollator.compare("abc", "ABC") == 0) {
    System.out.println("Strings are equivalent");
}

For comparing Strings exactly once, the compare method provides the best performance. When sorting a list of Strings however, it is generally necessary to compare each String multiple times. In this case, CollationKeys provide better performance. The CollationKey class converts a String to a series of bits that can be compared bitwise against other CollationKeys. A CollationKey is created by a Collator object for a given String.

API Note

CollationKeys from different Collators can not be compared. See the class description for CollationKey for an example using CollationKeys.

Author
Helena Shih, Laura Werner, Richard Gillam
Since
1.1
See Also
RuleBasedCollator, CollationKey, CollationElementIterator, Locale

Field Summary

Modifier and TypeField and Description
private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, SoftReference<Collator>>
public static final int
CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value.

private int
pack-priv static final int
EQUAL

EQUAL is returned if source string is compared to be equal to target string in the compare() method.

public static final int
FULL_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value.

pack-priv static final int
GREATER

GREATER is returned if source string is compared to be greater than target string in the compare() method.

public static final int
IDENTICAL

Collator strength value.

pack-priv static final int
LESS

LESS is returned if source string is compared to be less than target string in the compare() method.

public static final int
NO_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value.

public static final int
PRIMARY

Collator strength value.

public static final int
SECONDARY

Collator strength value.

private int
public static final int
TERTIARY

Collator strength value.

Constructor Summary

AccessConstructor and Description
protected
Collator()

Default constructor.

Method Summary

Modifier and TypeMethod and Description
public Object
clone()

Overrides java.lang.Object.clone.

Overrides Cloneable

public abstract int

Returns:

Returns an integer value. Value is less than zero if source is less than target, value is zero if source and target are equal, value is greater than zero if source is greater than target.
compare
(String
the source string.
source
,
String
the target string.
target
)

Redeclares java.util.Comparator.compare.

Compares the source string to the target string according to the collation rules for this Collator.

public int

Returns:

a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
compare
(Object
the first object to be compared.
o1
,
Object
the second object to be compared.
o2
)

Implements java.util.Comparator.compare.

Compares its two arguments for order.

public boolean

Returns:

true if the strings are equal according to the collation rules. false, otherwise.
equals
(String
the source string to be compared with.
source
,
String
the target string to be compared with.
target
)

Convenience method for comparing the equality of two strings based on this Collator's collation rules.

public boolean

Returns:

true if this Collator is the same as that Collator; false otherwise.
equals
(Object
the Collator to be compared with this.
that
)

Overrides java.lang.Object.equals.

Implements java.util.Comparator.equals.

Compares the equality of two Collators.

public static synchronized Locale[]

Returns:

An array of locales for which localized Collator instances are available.
getAvailableLocales
()

Returns an array of all locales for which the getInstance methods of this class can return localized instances.

public abstract CollationKey

Returns:

the CollationKey for the given String based on this Collator's collation rules. If the source String is null, a null CollationKey is returned.
getCollationKey
(String
the string to be transformed into a collation key.
source
)

Transforms the String into a series of bits that can be compared bitwise to other CollationKeys.

public synchronized int

Returns:

the decomposition mode
getDecomposition
()

Get the decomposition mode of this Collator.

public static synchronized Collator

Returns:

the Collator for the default locale.(for example, en_US)
getInstance
()

Gets the Collator for the current default locale.

public static Collator

Returns:

the Collator for the desired locale.
getInstance
(Locale
the desired locale.
desiredLocale
)

Gets the Collator for the desired locale.

public synchronized int

Returns:

this Collator's current strength property.
getStrength
()

Returns this Collator's strength property.

public abstract int
hashCode()

Overrides java.lang.Object.hashCode.

Generates the hash code for this Collator.

public synchronized void
setDecomposition(int
the new decomposition mode.
decompositionMode
)

Set the decomposition mode of this Collator.

public synchronized void
setStrength(int
the new strength value.
newStrength
)

Sets this Collator's strength property.

Inherited from java.lang.Object:
finalizegetClassnotifynotifyAlltoStringwaitwaitwait

Field Detail

cacheback to summary
private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, SoftReference<Collator>> cache
CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITIONback to summary
public static final int CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value. With CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION set, characters that are canonical variants according to Unicode standard will be decomposed for collation. This should be used to get correct collation of accented characters.

CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION corresponds to Normalization Form D as described in Unicode Standard Annex #15: Unicode Normalization Forms.

External Specification
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15
See Also
java.text.Collator#getDecomposition, java.text.Collator#setDecomposition
decmpback to summary
private int decmp
EQUALback to summary
pack-priv static final int EQUAL

EQUAL is returned if source string is compared to be equal to target string in the compare() method.

See Also
java.text.Collator#compare
FULL_DECOMPOSITIONback to summary
public static final int FULL_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value. With FULL_DECOMPOSITION set, both Unicode canonical variants and Unicode compatibility variants will be decomposed for collation. This causes not only accented characters to be collated, but also characters that have special formats to be collated with their norminal form. For example, the half-width and full-width ASCII and Katakana characters are then collated together. FULL_DECOMPOSITION is the most complete and therefore the slowest decomposition mode.

FULL_DECOMPOSITION corresponds to Normalization Form KD as described in Unicode Standard Annex #15: Unicode Normalization Forms.

External Specification
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15
See Also
java.text.Collator#getDecomposition, java.text.Collator#setDecomposition
GREATERback to summary
pack-priv static final int GREATER

GREATER is returned if source string is compared to be greater than target string in the compare() method.

See Also
java.text.Collator#compare
IDENTICALback to summary
public static final int IDENTICAL

Collator strength value. When set, all differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for control characters ("\u0001" vs "\u0002") to be considered equal at the PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and TERTIARY levels but different at the IDENTICAL level. Additionally, differences between pre-composed accents such as "\u00C0" (A-grave) and combining accents such as "A\u0300" (A, combining-grave) will be considered significant at the IDENTICAL level if decomposition is set to NO_DECOMPOSITION.

LESSback to summary
pack-priv static final int LESS

LESS is returned if source string is compared to be less than target string in the compare() method.

See Also
java.text.Collator#compare
NO_DECOMPOSITIONback to summary
public static final int NO_DECOMPOSITION

Decomposition mode value. With NO_DECOMPOSITION set, accented characters will not be decomposed for collation. This setting provides the fastest collation but will only produce correct results for languages that do not use accents.

See Also
java.text.Collator#getDecomposition, java.text.Collator#setDecomposition
PRIMARYback to summary
public static final int PRIMARY

Collator strength value. When set, only PRIMARY differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for different base letters ("a" vs "b") to be considered a PRIMARY difference.

See Also
java.text.Collator#setStrength, java.text.Collator#getStrength
SECONDARYback to summary
public static final int SECONDARY

Collator strength value. When set, only SECONDARY and above differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for different accented forms of the same base letter ("a" vs "ä") to be considered a SECONDARY difference.

See Also
java.text.Collator#setStrength, java.text.Collator#getStrength
strengthback to summary
private int strength
TERTIARYback to summary
public static final int TERTIARY

Collator strength value. When set, only TERTIARY and above differences are considered significant during comparison. The assignment of strengths to language features is locale dependent. A common example is for case differences ("a" vs "A") to be considered a TERTIARY difference.

See Also
java.text.Collator#setStrength, java.text.Collator#getStrength

Constructor Detail

Collatorback to summary
protected Collator()

Default constructor. This constructor is protected so subclasses can get access to it. Users typically create a Collator sub-class by calling the factory method getInstance.

See Also
java.text.Collator#getInstance

Method Detail

cloneback to summary
public Object clone()

Overrides java.lang.Object.clone.

Overrides Cloneable

Returns:Object

Doc from java.lang.Object.clone.

a clone of this instance.

Annotations
@Override
compareback to summary
public abstract int compare(String source, String target)

Redeclares java.util.Comparator.compare.

Compares the source string to the target string according to the collation rules for this Collator. Returns an integer less than, equal to or greater than zero depending on whether the source String is less than, equal to or greater than the target string. See the Collator class description for an example of use.

For a one time comparison, this method has the best performance. If a given String will be involved in multiple comparisons, CollationKey.compareTo has the best performance. See the Collator class description for an example using CollationKeys.

Parameters
source:String

the source string.

target:String

the target string.

Returns:int

Returns an integer value. Value is less than zero if source is less than target, value is zero if source and target are equal, value is greater than zero if source is greater than target.

See Also
java.text.CollationKey, java.text.Collator#getCollationKey
compareback to summary
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2)

Implements java.util.Comparator.compare.

Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.

This implementation merely returns compare((String)o1, (String)o2) .

Parameters
o1:Object

Doc from java.util.Comparator.compare.

the first object to be compared.

o2:Object

Doc from java.util.Comparator.compare.

the second object to be compared.

Returns:int

a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.

Annotations
@Override
Exceptions
ClassCastException:
the arguments cannot be cast to Strings.
Since
1.2
See Also
java.util.Comparator
equalsback to summary
public boolean equals(String source, String target)

Convenience method for comparing the equality of two strings based on this Collator's collation rules.

Parameters
source:String

the source string to be compared with.

target:String

the target string to be compared with.

Returns:boolean

true if the strings are equal according to the collation rules. false, otherwise.

See Also
java.text.Collator#compare
equalsback to summary
public boolean equals(Object that)

Overrides java.lang.Object.equals.

Implements java.util.Comparator.equals.

Compares the equality of two Collators.

Parameters
that:Object

the Collator to be compared with this.

Returns:boolean

true if this Collator is the same as that Collator; false otherwise.

Annotations
@Override
getAvailableLocalesback to summary
public static synchronized Locale[] getAvailableLocales()

Returns an array of all locales for which the getInstance methods of this class can return localized instances. The returned array represents the union of locales supported by the Java runtime and by installed CollatorProvider implementations. At a minimum, the returned array must contain a Locale instance equal to Locale.ROOT and a Locale instance equal to Locale.US.

Returns:Locale[]

An array of locales for which localized Collator instances are available.

getCollationKeyback to summary
public abstract CollationKey getCollationKey(String source)

Transforms the String into a series of bits that can be compared bitwise to other CollationKeys. CollationKeys provide better performance than Collator.compare when Strings are involved in multiple comparisons. See the Collator class description for an example using CollationKeys.

Parameters
source:String

the string to be transformed into a collation key.

Returns:CollationKey

the CollationKey for the given String based on this Collator's collation rules. If the source String is null, a null CollationKey is returned.

See Also
java.text.CollationKey, java.text.Collator#compare
getDecompositionback to summary
public synchronized int getDecomposition()

Get the decomposition mode of this Collator. Decomposition mode determines how Unicode composed characters are handled. Adjusting decomposition mode allows the user to select between faster and more complete collation behavior.

The three values for decomposition mode are:

  • NO_DECOMPOSITION,
  • CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION
  • FULL_DECOMPOSITION.
See the documentation for these three constants for a description of their meaning.
Returns:int

the decomposition mode

See Also
java.text.Collator#setDecomposition, java.text.Collator#NO_DECOMPOSITION, java.text.Collator#CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION, java.text.Collator#FULL_DECOMPOSITION
getInstanceback to summary
public static synchronized Collator getInstance()

Gets the Collator for the current default locale. The default locale is determined by Locale#getDefault().

Returns:Collator

the Collator for the default locale.(for example, en_US)

See Also
java.util.Locale#getDefault
getInstanceback to summary
public static Collator getInstance(Locale desiredLocale)

Gets the Collator for the desired locale. If the desired locale has the "ks" and/or the "kk" Unicode collation settings, this method will call setStrength(int) and/or setDecomposition(int) on the created instance, if the specified Unicode collation settings are recognized based on the following mappings:

Strength/Decomposition mappings
BCP 47 values for strength (ks) Collator constants for strength
level1 PRIMARY
level2 SECONDARY
level3 TERTIARY*
identic IDENTICAL
BCP 47 values for normalization (kk) Collator constants for decomposition
true CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION
false NO_DECOMPOSITION*
Asterisk (*) denotes the default value. If the specified setting value is not recognized, the strength and/or decomposition is not overridden, as if there were no BCP 47 collation options in the desired locale.

API Note

Implementations of Collator class may produce different instances based on the "co" Unicode collation identifier in the desiredLocale. For example:

Collator.getInstance(Locale.forLanguageTag("sv-u-co-trad"));
Collator.getInstance(Locale.forLanguageTag("sv-u-co-trad"));
may return a Collator instance with the Swedish traditional sorting, which gives 'v' and 'w' the same sorting order, while the Collator instance for the Swedish locale without "co" identifier distinguishes 'v' and 'w'.
Parameters
desiredLocale:Locale

the desired locale.

Returns:Collator

the Collator for the desired locale.

External Specification
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35
See Also
java.util.Locale, java.util.ResourceBundle
getStrengthback to summary
public synchronized int getStrength()

Returns this Collator's strength property. The strength property determines the minimum level of difference considered significant during comparison. See the Collator class description for an example of use.

Returns:int

this Collator's current strength property.

See Also
java.text.Collator#setStrength, java.text.Collator#PRIMARY, java.text.Collator#SECONDARY, java.text.Collator#TERTIARY, java.text.Collator#IDENTICAL
hashCodeback to summary
public abstract int hashCode()

Overrides java.lang.Object.hashCode.

Generates the hash code for this Collator.

Returns:int

Doc from java.lang.Object.hashCode.

a hash code value for this object

Annotations
@Override
setDecompositionback to summary
public synchronized void setDecomposition(int decompositionMode)

Set the decomposition mode of this Collator. See getDecomposition for a description of decomposition mode.

Parameters
decompositionMode:int

the new decomposition mode.

Exceptions
IllegalArgumentException:
If the given value is not a valid decomposition mode.
See Also
java.text.Collator#getDecomposition, java.text.Collator#NO_DECOMPOSITION, java.text.Collator#CANONICAL_DECOMPOSITION, java.text.Collator#FULL_DECOMPOSITION
setStrengthback to summary
public synchronized void setStrength(int newStrength)

Sets this Collator's strength property. The strength property determines the minimum level of difference considered significant during comparison. See the Collator class description for an example of use.

Parameters
newStrength:int

the new strength value.

Exceptions
IllegalArgumentException:
If the new strength value is not one of PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY or IDENTICAL.
See Also
java.text.Collator#getStrength, java.text.Collator#PRIMARY, java.text.Collator#SECONDARY, java.text.Collator#TERTIARY, java.text.Collator#IDENTICAL