Top Description Methods
java.time.chrono

public Interface Era

extends TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster
Known Direct Implementers
java.time.chrono.HijrahEra, java.time.chrono.IsoEra, java.time.chrono.JapaneseEra, java.time.chrono.MinguoEra, java.time.chrono.ThaiBuddhistEra
Static Imports
java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA, .ChronoUnit.ERAS

An era of the time-line.

Most calendar systems have a single epoch dividing the time-line into two eras. However, some calendar systems, have multiple eras, such as one for the reign of each leader. In all cases, the era is conceptually the largest division of the time-line. Each chronology defines the Era's that are known Eras and a Chronology.eras to get the valid eras.

For example, the Thai Buddhist calendar system divides time into two eras, before and after a single date. By contrast, the Japanese calendar system has one era for the reign of each Emperor.

Instances of Era may be compared using the == operator.

Implementation Specification

This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly. All implementations must be singletons - final, immutable and thread-safe. It is recommended to use an enum whenever possible.

Since
1.8

Method Summary

Modifier and TypeMethod and Description
public default Temporal

Returns:

the adjusted object, not null
adjustInto
(Temporal
the target object to be adjusted, not null
temporal
)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster.adjustInto.

Adjusts the specified temporal object to have the same era as this object.

public default int

Returns:

the value for the field
get
(TemporalField
the field to get, not null
field
)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.get.

Gets the value of the specified field from this era as an int.

public default String

Returns:

the text value of the era, not null
getDisplayName
(TextStyle
the style of the text required, not null
style
,
Locale
the locale to use, not null
locale
)

Gets the textual representation of this era.

public default long

Returns:

the value for the field
getLong
(TemporalField
the field to get, not null
field
)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.getLong.

Gets the value of the specified field from this era as a long.

public int

Returns:

the numeric era value
getValue
()

Gets the numeric value associated with the era as defined by the chronology.

public default boolean

Returns:

true if the field is supported on this era, false if not
isSupported
(TemporalField
the field to check, null returns false
field
)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.isSupported.

Checks if the specified field is supported.

public default <
the type of the result
R
>
R

Returns:

the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
query
(TemporalQuery<R>
the query to invoke, not null
query
)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.query.

Queries this era using the specified query.

public default ValueRange

Returns:

the range of valid values for the field, not null
range
(TemporalField
the field to query the range for, not null
field
)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.range.

Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.

Method Detail

adjustIntoback to summary
public default Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster.adjustInto.

Adjusts the specified temporal object to have the same era as this object.

This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input with the era changed to be the same as this.

The adjustment is equivalent to using Temporal#with(TemporalField, long) passing ChronoField#ERA as the field.

In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster):

  // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
  temporal = thisEra.adjustInto(temporal);
  temporal = temporal.with(thisEra);

This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

Parameters
temporal:Temporal

the target object to be adjusted, not null

Returns:Temporal

the adjusted object, not null

Annotations
@Override
Exceptions
DateTimeException:
if unable to make the adjustment
ArithmeticException:
if numeric overflow occurs
getback to summary
public default int get(TemporalField field)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.get.

Gets the value of the specified field from this era as an int.

This queries this era for the value of the specified field. The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.

If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The ERA field returns the value of the era. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.

If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field.

Parameters
field:TemporalField

the field to get, not null

Returns:int

the value for the field

Annotations
@Override
Exceptions
DateTimeException:
if a value for the field cannot be obtained or the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException:
if the field is not supported or the range of values exceeds an int
ArithmeticException:
if numeric overflow occurs
getDisplayNameback to summary
public default String getDisplayName(TextStyle style, Locale locale)

Gets the textual representation of this era.

This returns the textual name used to identify the era, suitable for presentation to the user. The parameters control the style of the returned text and the locale.

If no textual mapping is found then the numeric value is returned.

API Note

This default implementation is suitable for most implementations.

Parameters
style:TextStyle

the style of the text required, not null

locale:Locale

the locale to use, not null

Returns:String

the text value of the era, not null

getLongback to summary
public default long getLong(TemporalField field)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.getLong.

Gets the value of the specified field from this era as a long.

This queries this era for the value of the specified field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.

If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The ERA field returns the value of the era. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.

If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field.

Parameters
field:TemporalField

the field to get, not null

Returns:long

the value for the field

Annotations
@Override
Exceptions
DateTimeException:
if a value for the field cannot be obtained
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException:
if the field is not supported
ArithmeticException:
if numeric overflow occurs
getValueback to summary
public int getValue()

Gets the numeric value associated with the era as defined by the chronology. Each chronology defines the predefined Eras and methods to list the Eras of the chronology.

All fields, including eras, have an associated numeric value. The meaning of the numeric value for era is determined by the chronology according to these principles:

  • The era in use at the epoch 1970-01-01 (ISO) has the value 1.
  • Later eras have sequentially higher values.
  • Earlier eras have sequentially lower values, which may be negative.
Returns:int

the numeric era value

isSupportedback to summary
public default boolean isSupported(TemporalField field)

Implements java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.isSupported.

Checks if the specified field is supported.

This checks if this era can be queried for the specified field. If false, then calling the range and get methods will throw an exception.

If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The ERA field returns true. All other ChronoField instances will return false.

If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.

Parameters
field:TemporalField

the field to check, null returns false

Returns:boolean

true if the field is supported on this era, false if not

Annotations
@Override
queryback to summary
public default <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.query.

Queries this era using the specified query.

This queries this era using the specified query strategy object. The TemporalQuery object defines the logic to be used to obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand what the result of this method will be.

The result of this method is obtained by invoking the TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor) method on the specified query passing this as the argument.

Parameters
<R>
the type of the result
query:TemporalQuery<R>

the query to invoke, not null

Returns:R

the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)

Annotations
@SuppressWarnings:unchecked
@Override
Exceptions
DateTimeException:
if unable to query (defined by the query)
ArithmeticException:
if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
rangeback to summary
public default ValueRange range(TemporalField field)

Overrides default java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor.range.

Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.

The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This era is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.

If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The ERA field returns the range. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException.

If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.

The default implementation must return a range for ERA from zero to one, suitable for two era calendar systems such as ISO.

Parameters
field:TemporalField

the field to query the range for, not null

Returns:ValueRange

the range of valid values for the field, not null

Annotations
@Override
Exceptions
DateTimeException:
if the range for the field cannot be obtained
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException:
if the unit is not supported