Provides java.math extensions for business mathematical classes. This package is intended for business mathematical use, not scientific use. See Commons Math for a more complete set of mathematical classes. These classes are immutable, and therefore thread-safe.

Although Commons Math also exists, some basic mathematical functions are contained within Lang. These include classes to a org.apache.commons.lang3.math.Fraction class, various utilities for random numbers, and the flagship class, org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils which contains a handful of classic number functions.

There are two aspects of this package that should be highlighted. The first is org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils#createNumber(String), a method which does its best to convert a String into a Number object. You have no idea what type of Number it will return, so you should call the relevant xxxValue method when you reach the point of needing a number. NumberUtils also has a related org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils#isCreatable(String) method.