When a method is first created, it has:
MethodBuilder implementations are required to supply a way for Statements and Expressions to give them code. Most typically, they may have a stream to which their contents writes the code that is of the type to satisfy what the contents represent. MethodBuilder implementations also have to have a way to supply ClassBuilders with their code, that satisfies the type of class builder they are implemented with. This is implementation-dependent, so ClassBuilders, MethodBuilders, Statements, and Expressions all have to be of the same implementation in order to interact to generate a class.
Method Builder implementation for generating bytecode.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final BCClass | |
| pack-priv static final int | CODE_SPLIT_LENGTH
Code length at which to split into sub-methods. |
| private Conditional | |
| private int | |
| private boolean | handlingOverflow
True if we are currently switching control over to a sub method to avoid hitting the code generation limit of 65535 bytes per method. |
| pack-priv int | maxStack
Maximum stack depth seen in this method, measured in words. |
| protected final ClassHolder | |
| pack-priv CodeChunk | |
| protected ClassMember | |
| private final String | myName
The original name of the method, this represents how any user would call this method. |
| pack-priv final String | |
| private static final byte[] | newArrayElementTypeMap
this array maps the BCExpr vm_* constants 0..6 to the expected VM type constants for the newarray instruction. |
| pack-priv BCLocalField[] | parameters
Fast access for the parametes, will be null if the method has no parameters. |
| private final String[] | parameterTypes
List of parameter types with java language class names. |
| private int | stackDepth
Current stack depth in this method, measured in words. |
| private int | stackTypeOffset
Points to the next array offset in stackTypes to be used. |
| private Type[] | stackTypes
Array of the current types of the values on the stack. |
| private int | |
| private int | subMethodCount
How many sub-methods we have overflowed to. |
| pack-priv static final byte | |
| pack-priv Vector |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| pack-priv |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| private void | addInstrCPE(short opcode, int cpe)
Write a instruction that uses a constant pool entry as an operand, add a limit exceeded message if the number of constant pool entries has exceeded the limit. |
| public void | addThrownException(String exceptionClass)
Implements org. a throwable can be added to the end of the list of thrownExceptions. |
| public int | callMethod(Object methodDescriptor)
Implements org. Call a method previously described by describeMethod(). |
| public int | callMethod(short
type of method invocation opcode, String Class or interface the method is declared in. If it is a non-static
method call then if declaringClass is null, the declared type is taken to be the
type of the reference that will be popped. declaringClass, String name of the method methodName, String class name or primitive type (including "void") of the return type of the method, can not be null. returnType, int number of arguments to the method (can be 0). numArgs)Implements org. Call a method. |
| pack-priv final void | callSubMethod(BCMethod subMethod)
Call a sub-method created by getNewSubMethod handling parameters correctly. |
| public void | callSuper()
Implements org. Call super(). |
| public void | cast(String
type (primitive, interface or class) to cast to. className)Implements org. Cast the top stack value. |
| public void | complete()
Implements org. when the method has had all of its parameters and thrown exceptions defined, and its statement block has been completed, it can be completed and its class file information generated. |
| public void | completeConditional()
Implements org. Complete a conditional which completes the false code path. |
| public void | conditionalIf()
Implements org. Initiate a conditional sequence. |
| private void | |
| public void | conditionalIfNull()
Implements org. Initiate a conditional sequence. |
| pack-priv ClassHolder | constantPool()
In their giveCode methods, the parts of the method body will want to get to the constant pool to add their constants. |
| private Type[] | |
| public Object | describeMethod(short opcode, String declaringClass, String methodName, String returnType)
Implements org. Return an object that efficiently (to the implementation) describes a zero-argument method and can be used with the single argument callMethod(). |
| public void | dup()
Implements org. Duplicate the top value on the stack. |
| public void | endStatement()
Implements org. End a statement. |
| public void | getArrayElement(int
Offset into the array (zero based) element)Implements org. Pop an array refrence off the stack and push an element from that array. |
| public void | getField(LocalField field)
Implements org. Push the contents of the local field onto the stack. |
| public void | getField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType)
Implements org. Push the contents of the described field onto the stack. |
| private void | |
| public String | getName()
Implements org. Return the logical name of the method. |
| pack-priv final BCMethod | Returns: A valid empty sub method.Return type of the new method returnType, boolean True to define the method with matching parameters false to
define it with no parameters. withParameters)Create a sub-method from this method to allow the code builder to split a single logical method into multiple methods to avoid the 64k per-method code size limit. |
| public void | getParameter(int
position of the parameter (zero based). id)Implements org. Push a parameter value. |
| public void | getStaticField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType)
Implements org. Push the contents of the described static field onto the stack. |
| private void | |
| private void | |
| public void | isInstanceOf(String className)
Implements org. Pop the top stack value and push a boolean that is the result of an instanceof check on the popped reference. |
| public void | methodReturn()
Implements org. Return from a method, optionally with a value. |
| private void | |
| public void | pop()
Implements org. Pop the top value off the stack
Stack ..., value =>
...
|
| private Type | |
| public void | push(byte value)
Implements org. Push a byte constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | push(boolean value)
Implements org. Push a boolean constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | push(short value)
Implements org. Push a short constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | push(int value)
Implements org. Push a int constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| private void | |
| public void | push(long value)
Implements org. Push a long value onto the stack. |
| public void | push(float value)
Implements org. Push a float constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | push(double value)
Implements org. Push a double constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | push(String value)
Implements org. Push a String constant onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | pushNewArray(String
- type of array. className, int - number of elements in the array size)Implements org. Create an array instance Stack ... |
| public void | pushNewComplete(int
number of arguments to the constructor (can be 0). numArgs)Implements org. Complete the sequence that was started with pushNewStart(). |
| public void | pushNewStart(String
class name of object to be created. className)Implements org. Initiate a sequence that calls a constructor, equivalent to the new operator in Java. |
| public void | pushNull(String type)
Implements org. Push a typed null onto the stack Stack ... |
| public void | pushThis()
Implements org. Push this onto the stack. |
| public void | putField(LocalField field)
Implements org. Upon entry the top word(s) on the stack is the value to be put into the field. |
| public void | putField(String fieldName, String fieldType)
Implements org. Pop the top stack value and store it in the instance field of this class. |
| private void | |
| public void | putField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType)
Implements org. Pop the top stack value and store it in the field. |
| public void | setArrayElement(int
Offset into the array (zero based) element)Implements org. Pop an array reference off the stack, store a value in the array at the passed in offset. |
| public void | setField(LocalField field)
Implements org. Set the field but don't duplicate its value so nothing is left on the stack after this call. |
| private void | |
| public void | startElseCode()
Implements org. Complete the true code path of a conditional. |
| public boolean | statementNumHitLimit(int noStatementsAdded)
Implements org. Tell if statement number in this method builder hits limit. |
| public void | swap()
Implements org. Swap the top two values on the stack. |
| public void | upCast(String className)
Implements org. Upcast the top stack value. |
| private Type | |
| protected void | writeExceptions()
sets exceptionBytes to the attribute_info needed for a method's Exceptions attribute. |
| cb | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final BCClass cb | |
| CODE_SPLIT_LENGTH | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv static final int CODE_SPLIT_LENGTH Code length at which to split into sub-methods. Normally set to the maximim code length the JVM can support, but for testing the split code it can be reduced so that the standard tests cause some splitting. Tested with value set to 2000. | |
| condition | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private Conditional condition | |
| currentVarNum | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private int currentVarNum | |
| handlingOverflow | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private boolean handlingOverflow True if we are currently switching control over to a sub method to avoid hitting the code generation limit of 65535 bytes per method. | |
| maxStack | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv int maxStack Maximum stack depth seen in this method, measured in words. Corresponds to max_stack in the Code attribute of section 4.7.3 of the vm spec. | |
| modClass | back to summary |
|---|---|
| protected final ClassHolder modClass | |
| myCode | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv CodeChunk myCode | |
| myEntry | back to summary |
|---|---|
| protected ClassMember myEntry | |
| myName | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final String myName The original name of the method, this represents how any user would call this method. | |
| myReturnType | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final String myReturnType | |
| newArrayElementTypeMap | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static final byte[] newArrayElementTypeMap this array maps the BCExpr vm_* constants 0..6 to the expected VM type constants for the newarray instruction. Because boolean was mapped to integer for general instructions, it will have to be specially matched and mapped to its value directly (4). | |
| parameters | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv BCLocalField[] parameters Fast access for the parametes, will be null if the method has no parameters. | |
| parameterTypes | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final String[] parameterTypes List of parameter types with java language class names. Can be null or zero length for no parameters. | |
| stackDepth | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private int stackDepth Current stack depth in this method, measured in words. | |
| stackTypeOffset | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private int stackTypeOffset Points to the next array offset in stackTypes to be used. Really it's the number of valid entries in stackTypes. | |
| stackTypes | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private Type[] stackTypes Array of the current types of the values on the stack. A type that types up two words on the stack, e.g. double will only occupy one element in this array. This array is dynamically re-sized as needed. | |
| statementNum | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private int statementNum | |
| subMethodCount | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private int subMethodCount How many sub-methods we have overflowed to. | |
| T_BOOLEAN | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv static final byte T_BOOLEAN | |
| thrownExceptions | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv Vector<String> thrownExceptions | |
| BCMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv BCMethod(ClassBuilder cb, String returnType, String methodName, int modifiers, String[] parms, BCJava factory) | |
| addInstrCPE | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void addInstrCPE(short opcode, int cpe) Write a instruction that uses a constant pool entry as an operand, add a limit exceeded message if the number of constant pool entries has exceeded the limit. | |
| addThrownException | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void addThrownException(String exceptionClass) Implements org. a throwable can be added to the end of the list of thrownExceptions. | |
| callMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public int callMethod(Object methodDescriptor) Implements org. Doc from org. Call a method previously described by describeMethod().
static methods
Stack ...,value* => [numArgs number of values will be popped]
...,return_value [void methods will not push a value]
non-static methods
Stack ...,ref,value* => [numArgs number of values will be popped]
...,return_value [void methods will not push a value]
| |
| callMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public int callMethod(short opcode, String declaringClass, String methodName, String returnType, int numArgs) Implements org. Doc from org. Call a method. The instance (receiver or reference) for non-static methods
must be pushed by the caller. The instance (for non-static) and the arguments
are popped of the stack, and the return value (if any) is pushed onto the stack.
static methods
Stack ...,value* => [numArgs number of values will be popped]
...,return_value [void methods will not push a value]
non-static methods
Stack ...,ref,value* => [numArgs number of values will be popped]
...,return_value [void methods will not push a value]
The type of the arguments to the methods must exactly match the declared types of the parameters to the methods. If a argument is of the incorrect type the caller must up cast it or down cast it.
| |
| callSubMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final void callSubMethod(BCMethod subMethod) Call a sub-method created by getNewSubMethod handling parameters correctly. | |
| callSuper | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void callSuper() Implements org. Doc from org. Call super(). Caller must only add this to a constructor.
Stack ... =>
...
| |
| cast | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void cast(String className) Implements org. Doc from org. Cast the top stack value. Correctly down-casts a reference or casts a primitive type (e.g. int to short).
Stack ...,value =>
...,cast_value
| |
| complete | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void complete() Implements org. when the method has had all of its parameters and thrown exceptions defined, and its statement block has been completed, it can be completed and its class file information generated. further alterations of the method will not be reflected in the code generated for it. | |
| completeConditional | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void completeConditional() Implements org. Doc from org. Complete a conditional which completes the false code path. | |
| conditionalIf | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void conditionalIf() Implements org. Doc from org. Initiate a conditional sequence. The top value on the stack must be a boolean and will be popped. If it is true then the code following this call until the startElseCode() will be executed at runtime, otherwise the code following startElseCode() until the completeConditional() is called. See conditionalIfNull() for example and restrictions.
Stack ...,boolean_value =>
...
.
| |
| conditionalIf | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void conditionalIf(short opcode) | |
| conditionalIfNull | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void conditionalIfNull() Implements org. Doc from org. Initiate a conditional sequence.
The top value on the stack (a reference) is popped and compared to 'null'.
If the value is null then the code following this call until the startElseCode()
will be executed at runtime, otherwise the code following startElseCode() until
the completeConditional() is called.
mb.callMethod(...); // pushes an object onto the stack mb.conditionalIfNull(); mb.push(3); mb.startElseCode(); mb.push(5); mb.completeConditional(); // at this point 3 or 5 will be on the stackEach path through the ?: statement must leave the stack at the same depth as the other. If the if or else code pops values from the stack that were before the conditional value, then they must use the same number of values from the stack.
Stack ...,ref =>
...
.
| |
| constantPool | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv ClassHolder constantPool() In their giveCode methods, the parts of the method body will want to get to the constant pool to add their constants. We really only want them treating it like a constant pool inclusion mechanism, we could write a wrapper to limit it to that. | |
| copyStack | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private Type[] copyStack() | |
| describeMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public Object describeMethod(short opcode, String declaringClass, String methodName, String returnType) Implements org. Doc from org. Return an object that efficiently (to the implementation) describes a zero-argument method and
can be used with the single argument callMethod(). Descriptions for the parameters to this
method are the same as the five argument callMethod(). This allows the caller to cache frequently
used methods. The returned object is only valid for use by this MethodBuilder.
| |
| dup | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void dup() Implements org. Doc from org. Duplicate the top value on the stack.
Stack ...,value =>
...,value,value
| |
| endStatement | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void endStatement() Implements org. Doc from org. End a statement. Pops the top-word of the stack, if any. Must only be called if zero or one item exists on the stack.
Stack value =>
:empty:
or
Stack :empty: =>
:empty:
.
| |
| getArrayElement | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void getArrayElement(int element) Implements org. Doc from org. Pop an array refrence off the stack and push an element from that array.
Stack ...,array_ref =>
...,value
| |
| getField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void getField(LocalField field) Implements org. Doc from org. Push the contents of the local field onto the stack. This call pushes the this instance required to access the field itself.
Stack ... =>
...,field_value
| |
| getField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void getField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType) Implements org. Doc from org. Push the contents of the described field onto the stack. This call requires the instance (reference) to be pushed by the caller.
Stack ...,field_ref =>
...,field_value
| |
| getField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void getField(short opcode, String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType) | |
| getName | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public String getName() Implements org. Return the logical name of the method. The current myEntry refers to the sub method we are currently overflowing to. Those sub-methods are hidden from any caller. | |
| getNewSubMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final BCMethod getNewSubMethod(String returnType, boolean withParameters) Create a sub-method from this method to allow the code builder to split a single logical method into multiple methods to avoid the 64k per-method code size limit. The sub method with inherit the thrown exceptions of this method. | |
| getParameter | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void getParameter(int id) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a parameter value.
Stack ... =>
...,param_value
| |
| getStaticField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void getStaticField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType) Implements org. Push the contents of the described static field onto the stack. | |
| growStack | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void growStack(int size, Type type) | |
| growStack | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void growStack(Type type) | |
| isInstanceOf | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void isInstanceOf(String className) Implements org. Doc from org. Pop the top stack value and push a boolean that is the result of an instanceof check on the popped reference.
Stack ...,ref =>
...,boolean_value
.
| |
| methodReturn | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void methodReturn() Implements org. Doc from org. Return from a method, optionally with a value. Must only be called if zero or one item exists on the stack. If the stack contains a single value then that is popped and used as the returned value.
Stack value =>
:empty:
or
Stack :empty: =>
:empty:
.
| |
| overflowMethodCheck | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void overflowMethodCheck() Check to see if the current method byte code is nearing the limit of 65535. If it is start overflowing to a new method.
Overflow is handled for a method named e23 as:
These overflow methods are hidden from the code using this MethodBuilder,
it continues to think that it is building a single method with the
original name.
| |
| pop | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pop() Implements org. Doc from org. Pop the top value off the stack
Stack ..., value =>
...
.
| |
| popStack | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private Type popStack() | |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(byte value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a byte constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,byte_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(boolean value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a boolean constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,boolean_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(short value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a short constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,short_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(int value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a int constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,int_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void push(int value, Type type) Push an integer value. Uses the special integer opcodes for the constants -1 to 5, BIPUSH for values that fit in a byte and SIPUSH for values that fit in a short. Otherwise uses LDC with a constant pool entry.
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(long value) Implements org. Push a long value onto the stack. For the values zero and one the LCONST_0 and LCONST_1 instructions are used. For values betwee Short.MIN_VALUE and Short.MAX_VALUE inclusive an byte/short/int value is pushed using push(int, Type) followed by an I2L instruction. This saves using a constant pool entry for such values. All other values use a constant pool entry. For values in the range of an Integer an integer constant pool entry is created to allow sharing with integer constants and to reduce constant pool slot entries. | |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(float value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a float constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,float_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(double value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a double constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,double_value
| |
| push | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void push(String value) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a String constant onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,String_value
| |
| pushNewArray | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pushNewArray(String className, int size) Implements org. Create an array instance Stack ... => ...,arrayref
| |
| pushNewComplete | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pushNewComplete(int numArgs) Implements org. Doc from org. Complete the sequence that was started with pushNewStart(). Pop the arguments to the constructor and push the reference to the newly created object.
Stack ...,value* => [numArgs number of values will be popped]
...,new_ref
| |
| pushNewStart | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pushNewStart(String className) Implements org. Doc from org. Initiate a sequence that calls a constructor, equivalent to the new operator in Java. After this call, the caller must push any arguments and then complete the construction with a call to pushNewComplete(). Only arguments to the constructor can be pushed onto the stack between the pushNewStart() and pushNewComplete() method calls.
Stack ... => [unchanged]
...
| |
| pushNull | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pushNull(String type) Implements org. Doc from org. Push a typed null onto the stack
Stack ... =>
...,null
| |
| pushThis | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void pushThis() Implements org. Doc from org. Push this onto the stack.
Stack ... =>
...,this_ref
| |
| putField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void putField(LocalField field) Implements org. Upon entry the top word(s) on the stack is the value to be put into the field. Ie. we have wordBefore the call we need word this wordword2,word1 -> word2, word1, word2 So that we are left with word after the put. | |
| putField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void putField(String fieldName, String fieldType) Implements org. Pop the top stack value and store it in the instance field of this class. | |
| putField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void putField(Type fieldType, int cpi, boolean dup) | |
| putField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void putField(String declaringClass, String fieldName, String fieldType) Implements org. Pop the top stack value and store it in the field. This call requires the instance to be pushed by the caller. | |
| setArrayElement | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void setArrayElement(int element) Implements org. Doc from org. Pop an array reference off the stack, store a value in the array at the passed in offset.
Stack ...,array_ref, value =>
...
| |
| setField | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void setField(LocalField field) Implements org. Set the field but don't duplicate its value so nothing is left on the stack after this call. | |
| splitMethod | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void splitMethod() Attempt to split a large method by pushing code out to several sub-methods. Performs a number of steps.
| |
| startElseCode | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void startElseCode() Implements org. Doc from org. Complete the true code path of a conditional. | |
| statementNumHitLimit | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public boolean statementNumHitLimit(int noStatementsAdded) Implements org. Tell if statement number in this method builder hits limit. This method builder keeps a counter of how many statements are added to it. Caller should call this function every time it tries to add a statement to this method builder (counter is increased by 1), then the function returns whether the accumulated statement number hits a limit. The reason of doing this is that Java compiler has a limit of 64K code size for each method. We might hit this limit if an extremely long insert statement is issued, for example (see beetle 4293). Counting statement number is an approximation without too much overhead. | |
| swap | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void swap() Implements org. Doc from org. Swap the top two values on the stack.
Stack ...,valueA,valueB =>
...,valueB,valueA
| |
| upCast | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void upCast(String className) Implements org. Doc from org. Upcast the top stack value. This is used for correct method resolution by upcasting method parameters. It does not put any casting code into the byte code stream. Can only be used for refrences.
Stack ...,ref =>
...,ref
| |
| vmNameDeclaringClass | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private Type vmNameDeclaringClass(String declaringClass) | |
| writeExceptions | back to summary |
|---|---|
| protected void writeExceptions() sets exceptionBytes to the attribute_info needed for a method's Exceptions attribute. The ClassUtilities take care of the header 6 bytes for us, so they are not included here. See The Java Virtual Machine Specification Section 4.7.5, Exceptions attribute. | |