In this lookup mechanism a service is represented by an interface or an abstract class. (A concrete class may be used, but this is not recommended.) A provider of a given service contains one or more concrete classes that extend this service class with data and code specific to the provider. This provider class will typically not be the entire provider itself but rather a proxy that contains enough information to decide whether the provider is able to satisfy a particular request together with code that can create the actual provider on demand. The details of provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no single class or interface could possibly unify them, so no such class has been defined. The only requirement enforced here is that provider classes must have a zero-argument constructor so that they may be instantiated during lookup.
The default service provider registration/lookup mechanism based
on META-INF/services files is described below.
For environments, where the basic mechanism is not suitable, clients
can enforce a different approach by setting their custom ServiceIteratorProvider
by calling setIteratorProvider. The call must be made prior to any lookup attempts.
A service provider identifies itself by placing a provider-configuration
file in the resource directory META-INF/services. The file's name
should consist of the fully-qualified name of the abstract service class.
The file should contain a list of fully-qualified concrete provider-class
names, one per line. Space and tab characters surrounding each name, as
well as blank lines, are ignored. The comment character is '#'
(0x23); on each line all characters following the first comment
character are ignored. The file must be encoded in UTF-8.
If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one configuration file, or is named in the same configuration file more than once, then the duplicates will be ignored. The configuration file naming a particular provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution unit as the provider itself. The provider must be accessible from the same class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file; note that this is not necessarily the class loader that found the file.
Example: Suppose we have a service class named
java.io.spi.CharCodec. It has two abstract methods:
public abstract CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName); public abstract CharDecoder getDecoder(String encodingName);
Each method returns an appropriate object or null if it cannot
translate the given encoding. Typical CharCodec providers will
support more than one encoding.
If sun.io.StandardCodec is a provider of the CharCodec
service then its jar file would contain the file
META-INF/services/java.io.spi.CharCodec. This file would contain
the single line:
sun.io.StandardCodec # Standard codecs for the platform
To locate an codec for a given encoding name, the internal I/O code would do something like this:
CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName) {
for( CharCodec cc : ServiceFinder.find(CharCodec.class) ) {
CharEncoder ce = cc.getEncoder(encodingName);
if (ce != null)
return ce;
}
return null;
}
The provider-lookup mechanism always executes in the security context of the caller. Trusted system code should typically invoke the methods in this class from within a privileged security context.
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
| private static class | |
| public static class | ServiceFinder.
The default service iterator provider that looks up provider classes in META-INF/services files. |
| private static class | |
| private static class | |
| public abstract static class | ServiceFinder.
Supports iteration of provider instances or classes. |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
| private final ClassLoader | |
| private final boolean | |
| private static final Logger | |
| private static final String | |
| private final Class | |
| private final String |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| private | |
| private | ServiceFinder(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| private static ClassLoader | |
| private static void | |
| private static void | |
| private static void | |
| public static < the type of the service instance. T> ServiceFinder | Returns: the service finderThe service's abstract service class service, ClassLoader The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files
and instantiate provider classes, or loader)null if the system
class loader (or, failing that the bootstrap class loader) is to
be usedLocates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader. |
| public static < the type of the service instance. T> ServiceFinder | Returns: the service finderThe service's abstract service class service, ClassLoader The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files
and instantiate provider classes, or loader, boolean null if the system
class loader (or, failing that the bootstrap class loader) is to
be usedIf a provider cannot be loaded by the class loader
then move on to the next available provider. ignoreOnClassNotFound)Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader. |
| public static < the type of the service instance. T> ServiceFinder | |
| public static < the type of the service instance. T> ServiceFinder | Returns: the service finderThe service's abstract service class service, boolean If a provider cannot be loaded by the class loader
then move on to the next available provider. ignoreOnClassNotFound)Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the context class loader. |
| public static ServiceFinder | |
| private static Enumeration | |
| private static Enumeration | |
| public Iterator | Returns: AnIterator that yields provider objects for the given
service, in some arbitrary order. The iterator will throw a
ServiceConfigurationError if a provider-configuration
file violates the specified format or if a provider class cannot
be found and instantiated.Implements java. Returns discovered objects incrementally. |
| private static Iterator | Returns: A (possibly empty)Iterator that will yield the
provider-class names in the given configuration file that are
not yet members of the returned setThe service class for which providers are being sought;
used to construct error detail strings serviceName, URL The URL naming the configuration file to be parsed u, Set<String> A Set containing the names of provider classes that have already
been returned. This set will be updated to contain the names
that will be yielded from the returned returned)Iterator.Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file. |
| private static int | |
| public static void | setIteratorProvider(ServiceFinder.
the service iterator provider. sipRegister the service iterator provider to iterate on provider instances or classes. |
| public T[] | |
| public Class |
| classLoader | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final ClassLoader classLoader | |
| ignoreOnClassNotFound | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound | |
| LOGGER | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static final Logger LOGGER | |
| PREFIX | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static final String PREFIX | |
| serviceClass | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final Class<T> serviceClass | |
| serviceName | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private final String serviceName | |
| ServiceFinder | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private ServiceFinder(Class<T> service, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound) | |
| ServiceFinder | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private ServiceFinder(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound) | |
| _getContextClassLoader | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static ClassLoader _getContextClassLoader() | |
| fail | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static void fail(String serviceName, String msg, Throwable cause) throws ServiceConfigurationError | |
| fail | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static void fail(String serviceName, String msg) throws ServiceConfigurationError | |
| fail | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static void fail(String serviceName, URL u, int line, String msg) throws ServiceConfigurationError | |
| find | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static <T> ServiceFinder Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader.
This method transforms the name of the given service class into a
provider-configuration filename as described above and then uses the
Because it is possible for extensions to be installed into a running Java virtual machine, this method may return different results each time it is invoked.
| |
| find | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static <T> ServiceFinder Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader.
This method transforms the name of the given service class into a
provider-configuration filename as described above and then uses the
Because it is possible for extensions to be installed into a running Java virtual machine, this method may return different results each time it is invoked.
| |
| find | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static <T> ServiceFinder Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the context class loader. This convenience method is equivalent to ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); return Service.providers(service, cl, false);
| |
| find | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static <T> ServiceFinder Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the context class loader. This convenience method is equivalent to ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); boolean ingore = ... return Service.providers(service, cl, ignore);
| |
| find | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static ServiceFinder Locates and incrementally instantiates the available classes of a given service file using the context class loader.
| |
| getResources | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static Enumeration | |
| getResources | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static Enumeration | |
| iterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public Iterator Implements java. Returns discovered objects incrementally.
| |
| parse | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static Iterator Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file.
| |
| parseLine | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static int parseLine(String serviceName, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc, List<String> names, Set<String> returned) throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError Parse a single line from the given configuration file, adding the name on the line to both the names list and the returned set iff the name is not already a member of the returned set. | |
| setIteratorProvider | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public static void setIteratorProvider(ServiceFinder. Register the service iterator provider to iterate on provider instances or classes.
The default implementation registered, This method must be called prior to any attempts to obtain provider instances or classes.
| |
| toArray | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public T[] toArray() throws ServiceConfigurationError Returns discovered objects all at once.
| |
| toClassArray | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public Class Returns discovered classes all at once.
| |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
| pack-priv Enumeration | |
| pack-priv final boolean | |
| pack-priv final ClassLoader | |
| pack-priv String | |
| pack-priv Iterator | |
| pack-priv Set | |
| pack-priv final Class | |
| pack-priv final String |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| private | AbstractLazyIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| private void | |
| public boolean | |
| public void | |
| protected final void |
| configs | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv Enumeration<URL> configs | |
| ignoreOnClassNotFound | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound | |
| loader | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final ClassLoader loader | |
| nextName | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv String nextName | |
| pending | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv Iterator<String> pending | |
| returned | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv Set<String> returned | |
| service | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final Class<T> service | |
| serviceName | back to summary |
|---|---|
| pack-priv final String serviceName | |
| AbstractLazyIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private AbstractLazyIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound) | |
| handleClassNotFoundException | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void handleClassNotFoundException() | |
| hasNext | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public boolean hasNext() throws ServiceConfigurationError | |
| remove | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public void remove() | |
| setConfigs | back to summary |
|---|---|
| protected final void setConfigs() | |
This class may utilized if a ServiceIteratorProvider needs to
reuse the default implementation.
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| public |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| public <T> Iterator | createClassIterator(Class<T>
the service class. service, String the service name. serviceName, ClassLoader the class loader to utilize when loading provider
classes. loader, boolean if true ignore the provider class if
cannot be found,
otherwise throw a ignoreOnClassNotFound)ClassNotFoundException.Implements abstract org. Iterate over provider classes of a service. |
| public <T> Iterator | createIterator(Class<T>
the service class. service, String the service name. serviceName, ClassLoader the class loader to utilize when loading provider
classes. loader, boolean if true ignore an instance if the
corresponding provider class if cannot be found,
otherwise throw a ignoreOnClassNotFound)ClassNotFoundException.Implements abstract org. Iterate over provider instances of a service. |
| DefaultServiceIteratorProvider | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public DefaultServiceIteratorProvider() | |
| createClassIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public <T> Iterator Implements abstract org. Doc from org. Iterate over provider classes of a service.
| |
| createIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public <T> Iterator Implements abstract org. Doc from org. Iterate over provider instances of a service.
| |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| private | LazyClassIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| public Class |
| LazyClassIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private LazyClassIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound) | |
| next | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public Class Implements java. Doc from java. Returns the next element in the iteration. | |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
| private T |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| private | LazyObjectIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| private void | |
| public boolean | hasNext()
Overrides org. Implements java. Returns |
| public T |
| t | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private T t | |
| LazyObjectIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private LazyObjectIterator(Class<T> service, String serviceName, ClassLoader loader, boolean ignoreOnClassNotFound) | |
| handleClassNotFoundException | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private void handleClassNotFoundException() throws ServiceConfigurationError Hides org. | |
| hasNext | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public boolean hasNext() throws ServiceConfigurationError Overrides org. Implements java. Doc from java. Returns
| |
| next | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public T next() Implements java. Doc from java. Returns the next element in the iteration.
| |
The default implementation looks up provider classes from META-INF/services
files, see DefaultServiceIteratorProvider.
This implementation may be overridden by invoking
ServiceFinder#setIteratorProvider(ServiceIteratorProvider)
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
| private static volatile ServiceFinder. | |
| private static final Object |
| Access | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
| public |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
| public abstract < the type of the service. T> Iterator | Returns: the provider class iterator.the service class. service, String the service name. serviceName, ClassLoader the class loader to utilize when loading provider
classes. loader, boolean if true ignore the provider class if
cannot be found,
otherwise throw a ignoreOnClassNotFound)ClassNotFoundException.Iterate over provider classes of a service. |
| public abstract < the type of the service. T> Iterator | Returns: the provider instance iterator.the service class. service, String the service name. serviceName, ClassLoader the class loader to utilize when loading provider
classes. loader, boolean if true ignore an instance if the
corresponding provider class if cannot be found,
otherwise throw a ignoreOnClassNotFound)ClassNotFoundException.Iterate over provider instances of a service. |
| private static ServiceFinder. | |
| private static void |
| sip | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static volatile ServiceFinder. | |
| sipLock | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static final Object sipLock | |
| ServiceIteratorProvider | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public ServiceIteratorProvider() | |
| createClassIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public abstract <T> Iterator Iterate over provider classes of a service.
| |
| createIterator | back to summary |
|---|---|
| public abstract <T> Iterator Iterate over provider instances of a service.
| |
| getInstance | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static ServiceFinder. | |
| setInstance | back to summary |
|---|---|
| private static void setInstance(ServiceFinder. | |