A hash table with weak keys, full concurrency of retrievals, and adjustable expected concurrency for updates. Similar to java.util.WeakHashMap, entries of this table are periodically removed once their corresponding keys are no longer referenced outside of this table. In other words, this table will not prevent a key from being discarded by the garbage collector. Once a key has been discarded by the collector, the corresponding entry is no longer visible to this table; however, the entry may occupy space until a future table operation decides to reclaim it. For this reason, summary functions such as size and isEmpty might return a value greater than the observed number of entries. In order to support a high level of concurrency, stale entries are only reclaimed during blocking (usually mutating) operations. While keys in this table are only held using a weak reference, values are held using a normal strong reference. This provides the guarantee that a value will always have at least the same life-span as it's key. For this reason, care should be taken to ensure that a value never refers, either directly or indirectly, to its key, thereby preventing reclamation. If weak values are desired, one can simply use a WeakReference for the value type. Just like java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap, this class obeys the same functional specification as java.util.Hashtable, and includes versions of methods corresponding to each method of Hashtable. However, even though all operations are thread-safe, retrieval operations do not entail locking, and there is not any support for locking the entire table in a way that prevents all access. This class is fully interoperable with Hashtable in programs that rely on its thread safety but not on its synchronization details.

Retrieval operations (including get) generally do not block, so may overlap with update operations (including put and remove). Retrievals reflect the results of the most recently completed update operations holding upon their onset. For aggregate operations such as putAll and clear, concurrent retrievals may reflect insertion or removal of only some entries. Similarly, Iterators and Enumerations return elements reflecting the state of the hash table at some point at or since the creation of the iterator/enumeration. They do not throw ConcurrentModificationException. However, iterators are designed to be used by only one thread at a time.

The allowed concurrency among update operations is guided by the optional concurrencyLevel constructor argument (default 16), which is used as a hint for internal sizing. The table is internally partitioned to try to permit the indicated number of concurrent updates without contention. Because placement in hash tables is essentially random, the actual concurrency will vary. Ideally, you should choose a value to accommodate as many threads as will ever concurrently modify the table. Using a significantly higher value than you need can waste space and time, and a significantly lower value can lead to thread contention. But overestimates and underestimates within an order of magnitude do not usually have much noticeable impact. A value of one is appropriate when it is known that only one thread will modify and all others will only read. Also, resizing this or any other kind of hash table is a relatively slow operation, so, when possible, it is a good idea to provide estimates of expected table sizes in constructors.

This class and its views and iterators implement all of the optional methods of the Map and Iterator interfaces.

Like Hashtable but unlike HashMap, this class does not allow null to be used as a key or value.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.