Represents an annotated construct of the program currently running in this VM. A construct is either an element or a type. Annotations on an element are on a declaration, whereas annotations on a type are on a specific use of a type name. As defined by The Java Language Specification section 9.7.4, an annotation on an element is a declaration annotation and an annotation on a type is a type annotation. Note that any annotations returned by methods on the AnnotatedType interface and its subinterfaces are type annotations as the entity being potentially annotated is a type. Annotations returned by methods outside of the AnnotatedType hierarchy are declaration annotations.

This interface allows annotations to be read reflectively. All annotations returned by methods in this interface are immutable and serializable. The arrays returned by methods of this interface may be modified by callers without affecting the arrays returned to other callers.

The getAnnotationsByType(Class) and getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class) methods support multiple annotations of the same type on an element. If the argument to either method is a repeatable annotation type (JLS 9.6), then the method will "look through" a container annotation (JLS 9.7), if present, and return any annotations inside the container. Container annotations may be generated at compile-time to wrap multiple annotations of the argument type.

The terms directly present, indirectly present, present, and associated are used throughout this interface to describe precisely which annotations are returned by methods:

• An annotation A is directly present on an element E if E has a RuntimeVisibleAnnotations or RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations or RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations attribute, and the attribute contains A.
• An annotation A is indirectly present on an element E if E has a RuntimeVisibleAnnotations or RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations or RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations attribute, and A 's type is repeatable, and the attribute contains exactly one annotation whose value element contains A and whose type is the containing annotation type of A 's type.
• An annotation A is present on an element E if either:
  • A is directly present on E; or
  • No annotation of A 's type is directly present on E, and E is a class, and A 's type is inheritable, and A is present on the superclass of E.
• An annotation A is associated with an element E if either:
  • A is directly or indirectly present on E; or
  • No annotation of A 's type is directly or indirectly present on E, and E is a class, and A's type is inheritable, and A is associated with the superclass of E.

The table below summarizes which kind of annotation presence different methods in this interface examine.

Overview of kind of presence detected by different AnnotatedElement methods

Method		Kind of Presence
Return Type	Signature	Directly Present	Indirectly Present	Present	Associated
T	getAnnotation(Class<T>)			X
Annotation[]	getAnnotations()			X
T[]	getAnnotationsByType(Class<T>)				X
T	getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<T>)	X
Annotation[]	getDeclaredAnnotations()	X
T[]	getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<T>)	X	X

For an invocation of get[Declared]AnnotationsByType(Class <T>), the order of annotations which are directly or indirectly present on an element E is computed as if indirectly present annotations on E are directly present on E in place of their container annotation, in the order in which they appear in the value element of the container annotation.

There are several compatibility concerns to keep in mind if an annotation type T is originally not repeatable and later modified to be repeatable. The containing annotation type for T is TC.

• Modifying T to be repeatable is source and binary compatible with existing uses of T and with existing uses of TC. That is, for source compatibility, source code with annotations of type T or of type TC will still compile. For binary compatibility, class files with annotations of type T or of type TC (or with other kinds of uses of type T or of type TC) will link against the modified version of T if they linked against the earlier version. (An annotation type TC may informally serve as an acting containing annotation type before T is modified to be formally repeatable. Alternatively, when T is made repeatable, TC can be introduced as a new type.)
• If an annotation type TC is present on an element, and T is modified to be repeatable with TC as its containing annotation type then:
  • The change to T is behaviorally compatible with respect to the get[Declared]Annotation(Class<T>) (called with an argument of T or TC) and get[Declared]Annotations() methods because the results of the methods will not change due to TC becoming the containing annotation type for T.
  • The change to T changes the results of the get[Declared]AnnotationsByType(Class<T>) methods called with an argument of T, because those methods will now recognize an annotation of type TC as a container annotation for T and will "look through" it to expose annotations of type T.
• If an annotation of type T is present on an element and T is made repeatable and more annotations of type T are added to the element:
  • The addition of the annotations of type T is both source compatible and binary compatible.
  • The addition of the annotations of type T changes the results of the get[Declared]Annotation(Class<T>) methods and get[Declared]Annotations() methods, because those methods will now only see a container annotation on the element and not see an annotation of type T.
  • The addition of the annotations of type T changes the results of the get[Declared]AnnotationsByType(Class<T>) methods, because their results will expose the additional annotations of type T whereas previously they exposed only a single annotation of type T.

If an annotation returned by a method in this interface contains (directly or indirectly) a Class-valued member referring to a class that is not accessible in this VM, attempting to read the class by calling the relevant Class-returning method on the returned annotation will result in a TypeNotPresentException.

Similarly, attempting to read an enum-valued member will result in a EnumConstantNotPresentException if the enum constant in the annotation is no longer present in the enum class.

If an annotation type T is (meta-)annotated with an @Repeatable annotation whose value element indicates a type TC, but TC does not declare a value() method with a return type of T[], then an exception of type java.lang.annotation.AnnotationFormatError is thrown.

Finally, attempting to read a member whose definition has evolved incompatibly will result in an java.lang.annotation.AnnotationTypeMismatchException or an java.lang.annotation.IncompleteAnnotationException.